Articles | Volume 2, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-819-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-819-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
31 Aug 2021
Research article |
| 31 Aug 2021
| 31 Aug 2021
Oceanic moisture sources contributing to wintertime Euro-Atlantic blocking
Ayako Yamamoto
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Masami Nonaka
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
Patrick Martineau
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Akira Yamazaki
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
Young-Oh Kwon
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
Hisashi Nakamura
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Bunmei Taguchi
Faculty of Sustainable Design, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Cited
12 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Baroclinic Blocking P. Martineau et al. 10.1029/2022GL097791
- From sea to sky: understanding the sea surface temperature impact on an atmospheric blocking event using sensitivity experiments with the ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON) model S. Christ et al. 10.5194/wcd-6-17-2025
- Sensitivity of European blocking to physical parameters in a large ensemble climate model experiment T. Woollings et al. 10.1002/asl.1295
- Greenland summer blocking characteristics: an evaluation of a high-resolution multi-model ensemble L. Luu et al. 10.1007/s00382-024-07453-2
- Sensitivities of warm conveyor belt ascent, associated precipitation characteristics and large‐scale flow pattern: Insights from a perturbed parameter ensemble A. Oertel et al. 10.1002/qj.4986
- Linking Gulf Stream air–sea interactions to the exceptional blocking episode in February 2019: a Lagrangian perspective M. Wenta et al. 10.5194/wcd-5-181-2024
- Basin-dependent response of Northern Hemisphere winter blocking frequency to CO2 removal J. Hwang et al. 10.1038/s41612-024-00660-y
- Oceanic maintenance of atmospheric blocking in wintertime in the North Atlantic J. Mathews & A. Czaja 10.1007/s00382-024-07196-0
- Pacific oceanic front amplifies the impact of Atlantic oceanic front on North Atlantic blocking H. Cheung et al. 10.1038/s41612-023-00370-x
- Synoptic perspective on the conversion and maintenance of local available potential energy in extratropical cyclones M. Federer et al. 10.5194/wcd-6-211-2025
- Assessing Lagrangian coherence in atmospheric blocking H. Schoeller et al. 10.5194/npg-32-51-2025
- Northern Hemisphere Winter Blocking: Differing Onset Mechanisms across Regions D. Miller & Z. Wang 10.1175/JAS-D-21-0104.1
12 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Baroclinic Blocking P. Martineau et al. 10.1029/2022GL097791
- From sea to sky: understanding the sea surface temperature impact on an atmospheric blocking event using sensitivity experiments with the ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON) model S. Christ et al. 10.5194/wcd-6-17-2025
- Sensitivity of European blocking to physical parameters in a large ensemble climate model experiment T. Woollings et al. 10.1002/asl.1295
- Greenland summer blocking characteristics: an evaluation of a high-resolution multi-model ensemble L. Luu et al. 10.1007/s00382-024-07453-2
- Sensitivities of warm conveyor belt ascent, associated precipitation characteristics and large‐scale flow pattern: Insights from a perturbed parameter ensemble A. Oertel et al. 10.1002/qj.4986
- Linking Gulf Stream air–sea interactions to the exceptional blocking episode in February 2019: a Lagrangian perspective M. Wenta et al. 10.5194/wcd-5-181-2024
- Basin-dependent response of Northern Hemisphere winter blocking frequency to CO2 removal J. Hwang et al. 10.1038/s41612-024-00660-y
- Oceanic maintenance of atmospheric blocking in wintertime in the North Atlantic J. Mathews & A. Czaja 10.1007/s00382-024-07196-0
- Pacific oceanic front amplifies the impact of Atlantic oceanic front on North Atlantic blocking H. Cheung et al. 10.1038/s41612-023-00370-x
- Synoptic perspective on the conversion and maintenance of local available potential energy in extratropical cyclones M. Federer et al. 10.5194/wcd-6-211-2025
- Assessing Lagrangian coherence in atmospheric blocking H. Schoeller et al. 10.5194/npg-32-51-2025
- Northern Hemisphere Winter Blocking: Differing Onset Mechanisms across Regions D. Miller & Z. Wang 10.1175/JAS-D-21-0104.1
Latest update: 28 Jun 2025
Short summary
While the key role of moist processes in blocking has recently been highlighted, their moisture sources remain unknown. Here, we investigate moisture sources for wintertime Euro-Atlantic blocks using a Lagrangian method. We show that the Gulf Stream, Kuroshio, and their extensions, along with the northeast of Hawaii, act as the primary moisture sources and springboards for particle ascent. We find that the evolution of the particle properties is sensitive to the moisture sources.
While the key role of moist processes in blocking has recently been highlighted, their moisture...
