Weather and Climate Dynamics
Weather and Climate Dynamics
WCD
Articles | Volume 4, issue 2
Articles | Volume 4, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-361-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-361-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 4, issue 2
Research article
 | 
24 Apr 2023
Research article |  | 24 Apr 2023

Moist available potential energy of the mean state of the atmosphere and the thermodynamic potential for warm conveyor belts and convection

Charles G. Gertler, Paul A. O'Gorman, and Stephan Pfahl

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Latest update: 28 Oct 2025
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Short summary
The relationship between the time-mean state of the atmosphere and aspects of atmospheric circulation drives general understanding of the atmospheric circulation. Here, we present new techniques to calculate local properties of the time-mean atmosphere and relate those properties to aspects of extratropical circulation with important implications for weather. This relationship should help connect changes to the atmosphere, such as under global warming, to changes in midlatitude weather.
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