Articles | Volume 5, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-5-323-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-5-323-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
01 Mar 2024
Research article |
| 01 Mar 2024
| 01 Mar 2024
Understanding the vertical temperature structure of recent record-shattering heatwaves
Belinda Hotz
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
Lukas Papritz
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
Matthias Röthlisberger
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Cited
20 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Advective, adiabatic and diabatic contributions to heat extremes simulated with the Community Earth System Model version 2 M. Röthlisberger et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-7-1363-2026
- Saharan warm-air intrusions in the western Mediterranean: identification, impacts on temperature extremes, and large-scale mechanisms P. Cos et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-609-2025
- Urban meteorology–chemistry coupling in compound heat–ozone extremes X. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44284-025-00302-1
- Comprehensive risk mapping for heatwave-sensitive chronic diseases mortality in Argentina: An approximation based on cardiovascular diseases J. Pinotti et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2025.100548
- Assessing the plausibility of unprecedented events: a process-based approach applied to month-long heatwaves in Western Europe F. Roemer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-7-1919-2026
- The physical and synoptic‐dynamical differences between warm days, hot days, and heatwaves during summer in Victoria, Australia Q. Huang et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.70259
- Global characterisation of the vertical temperature anomaly structure of heat extremes over land in ERA5 B. Hotz et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-7-1875-2026
- Lagrangian analysis of two flavours of Central European heatwaves: Formation under omega blocking versus initiation by subtropical ridges A. Lemburg et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.70199
- Dry and moist convective upper bounds for near-surface temperatures Q. Nicolas & B. Hotz https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-7-843-2026
- Two different perspectives on heatwaves within the Lagrangian framework A. Mayer & V. Wirth https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-131-2025
- Frequent land-ocean transboundary migration of tropical heatwaves under climate change X. Gu et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58586-9
- Enhanced Pacific Northwest heat extremes and wildfire risks induced by the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation S. Lubis et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00766-3
- Thermal history asymmetry and dissipation in dense colloidal microgel glasses S. Kawale et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2026.139830
- Relative contribution of anthropogenic warming to the unprecedented heatwave in South America in 2023 C. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01142-5
- Tracing atmospheric heat and moisture pathways to understand compound drought–heatwave events L. Gimeno et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2026.100923
- A westward shift of heatwave hotspots caused by warming-enhanced land–air coupling K. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02302-4
- Unprecedented September Heatwave in the Yangtze River Basin in 2024 and the Great Exposure Risk to School Students X. Tiejun et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.1300
- The spatial extent of heat waves has changed over the past four decades C. Skinner et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02661-y
- Upper bounds for 21st-century surface air temperatures in the Western United States M. Risser et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adda62
- Decadal variability of summer extreme heat in central-eastern China and its synergistic effects by the North Atlantic and tropical western Pacific SST T. Xie et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01092-y
20 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Advective, adiabatic and diabatic contributions to heat extremes simulated with the Community Earth System Model version 2 M. Röthlisberger et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-7-1363-2026
- Saharan warm-air intrusions in the western Mediterranean: identification, impacts on temperature extremes, and large-scale mechanisms P. Cos et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-609-2025
- Urban meteorology–chemistry coupling in compound heat–ozone extremes X. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44284-025-00302-1
- Comprehensive risk mapping for heatwave-sensitive chronic diseases mortality in Argentina: An approximation based on cardiovascular diseases J. Pinotti et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2025.100548
- Assessing the plausibility of unprecedented events: a process-based approach applied to month-long heatwaves in Western Europe F. Roemer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-7-1919-2026
- The physical and synoptic‐dynamical differences between warm days, hot days, and heatwaves during summer in Victoria, Australia Q. Huang et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.70259
- Global characterisation of the vertical temperature anomaly structure of heat extremes over land in ERA5 B. Hotz et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-7-1875-2026
- Lagrangian analysis of two flavours of Central European heatwaves: Formation under omega blocking versus initiation by subtropical ridges A. Lemburg et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.70199
- Dry and moist convective upper bounds for near-surface temperatures Q. Nicolas & B. Hotz https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-7-843-2026
- Two different perspectives on heatwaves within the Lagrangian framework A. Mayer & V. Wirth https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-131-2025
- Frequent land-ocean transboundary migration of tropical heatwaves under climate change X. Gu et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58586-9
- Enhanced Pacific Northwest heat extremes and wildfire risks induced by the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation S. Lubis et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00766-3
- Thermal history asymmetry and dissipation in dense colloidal microgel glasses S. Kawale et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2026.139830
- Relative contribution of anthropogenic warming to the unprecedented heatwave in South America in 2023 C. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01142-5
- Tracing atmospheric heat and moisture pathways to understand compound drought–heatwave events L. Gimeno et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2026.100923
- A westward shift of heatwave hotspots caused by warming-enhanced land–air coupling K. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02302-4
- Unprecedented September Heatwave in the Yangtze River Basin in 2024 and the Great Exposure Risk to School Students X. Tiejun et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.1300
- The spatial extent of heat waves has changed over the past four decades C. Skinner et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02661-y
- Upper bounds for 21st-century surface air temperatures in the Western United States M. Risser et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adda62
- Decadal variability of summer extreme heat in central-eastern China and its synergistic effects by the North Atlantic and tropical western Pacific SST T. Xie et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01092-y
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 12 Nov 2026
Short summary
Analysing the vertical structure of temperature anomalies of recent record-breaking heatwaves reveals a complex four-dimensional interplay of anticyclone–heatwave interactions, with vertically strongly varying advective, adiabatic, and diabatic contributions to the respective temperature anomalies. The heatwaves featured bottom-heavy positive temperature anomalies, extending throughout the troposphere.
Analysing the vertical structure of temperature anomalies of recent record-breaking heatwaves...
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