Weather and Climate Dynamics
Weather and Climate Dynamics
WCD
Articles | Volume 6, issue 2
Articles | Volume 6, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-695-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-695-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 6, issue 2
Research article
 | 
27 Jun 2025
Research article |  | 27 Jun 2025

Environments and lifting mechanisms of cold-frontal convective cells during the warm season in Germany

George Pacey, Stephan Pfahl, and Lisa Schielicke

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Short summary
Cold fronts are often associated with areas of intense precipitation (cells) in the warm season, but the drivers and environments of cells at different locations relative to the front are not well-understood. We show that cells ahead of the surface front have the highest amount of environmental instability and moisture. Also, low-level lifting is maximised ahead of the surface front and upper-level lifting is particularly important for cell initiation behind the front. 
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