Articles | Volume 7, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-7-805-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-7-805-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
A cyclone phase space dedicated to extratropical cyclones
Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique–IPSL, Sorbonne Université/CNRS/École Normale Supérieure–PSL Université/École Polytechnique–Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Paris, France
Gwendal Rivière
Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique–IPSL, Sorbonne Université/CNRS/École Normale Supérieure–PSL Université/École Polytechnique–Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Paris, France
Sébastien Fromang
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement–IPSL, CEA/CNRS/UVSQ/Université Paris–Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Étienne Vignon, Lea Raillard, Audran Borella, Gwendal Rivière, and Jean-Baptiste Madeleine
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 1847–1865, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1847-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1847-2026, 2026
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Polar low-level clouds are most often of mixed-phase composition as they contain both liquid droplets and ice crystals. Such clouds are challenging to simulate in climate models, leading to uncertainties in the projection of polar climates. This study presents major advances in the representation of polar mixed-phase clouds in a climate model thanks to the adaptation of an original subgrid parameterization which considers interactions between turbulent eddies and clouds.
Stella Bourdin, Sébastien Fromang, William Dulac, Julien Cattiaux, and Fabrice Chauvin
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 6759–6786, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-6759-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-6759-2022, 2022
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When studying tropical cyclones in a large dataset, one needs objective and automatic procedures to detect their specific pattern. Applying four different such algorithms to a reconstruction of the climate, we show that the choice of the algorithm is crucial to the climatology obtained. Mainly, the algorithms differ in their sensitivity to weak storms so that they provide different frequencies and durations. We review the different options to consider for the choice of the tracking methodology.
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Short summary
Extratropical cyclones are key weather features that often lead to strong wind and precipitations. We focus on those formed in the northern midlatitudes through the prism of their core temperature, thermal asymmetry and baroclinic growth rate. With these variables is built a new cyclone phase space that allows a distinction between warm-core cyclones, that fit with the classical baroclinic wave models and are the most common in the midlatitudes, and cold-core cyclones, that are more intriguing.
Extratropical cyclones are key weather features that often lead to strong wind and...