Articles | Volume 2, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-255-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-255-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
A process-based anatomy of Mediterranean cyclones: from baroclinic lows to tropical-like systems
Emmanouil Flaounas
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich,
Switzerland
Suzanne L. Gray
Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK
Franziska Teubler
Institute for Atmospheric Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Cited
39 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The pressure tendency equation as a diagnostic tool for a mediterranean explosive cyclone J. Kouroutzoglou et al.
- The upstream–downstream connection of North Atlantic and Mediterranean cyclones in semi-idealized simulations A. Scherrmann et al.
- Trajectories of cyclone propagation over the Вlack sea according to atmospheric re-analysis data E. Lemeshko
- Extreme Mediterranean cyclones and associated variables in an atmosphere-only vs. an ocean-coupled regional model M. Chericoni et al.
- Origin of low-tropospheric potential vorticity in Mediterranean cyclones A. Scherrmann et al.
- Moisture Sources for the Precipitation of Tropical-like Cyclones in the Mediterranean Sea: A Case of Study P. Coll-Hidalgo et al.
- Process-based classification of Mediterranean cyclones using potential vorticity Y. Givon et al.
- Assimilating WIVERN windpseudo-observations in WRF model: an application to the outstanding case of the Medicane Ianos S. Federico et al.
- Future projections of Mediterranean cyclone characteristics using the Med-CORDEX ensemble of coupled regional climate system models M. Reale et al.
- The importance of diabatic processes for the dynamics of synoptic-scale extratropical weather systems – a review H. Wernli & S. Gray
- Systematic evaluation of the predictability of different Mediterranean cyclone categories B. Doiteau et al.
- Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone forecasts and analysis using the ECMWF ensemble forecasting system with physical parameterization perturbations M. Saraceni et al.
- The connection between North Atlantic storm track regimes and eastern Mediterranean cyclonic activity D. Sandler et al.
- Analysis of the Transition of an Explosive Cyclone to a Mediterranean Tropical-like Cyclone J. Kouroutzoglou et al.
- Phase transitions between tropical, subtropical, and extratropical cyclones: A review from IWTC-10 K. Wood et al.
- Mediterranean cyclones: current knowledge and open questions on dynamics, prediction, climatology and impacts E. Flaounas et al.
- Synoptic analysis of cyclone Ianos based on surface and satellite observations and high-resolution reanalysis data D. Hérincs & Z. Dezső
- Characteristics of diabatically influenced cyclones with high wind damage potential in Europe S. Christ et al.
- A global climatology of sting-jet extratropical cyclones S. Gray et al.
- Warm Core and Deep Convection in Medicanes: A Passive Microwave-Based Investigation G. Panegrossi et al.
- Future changes in winter explosive cyclones over the Southern Hemisphere domains from the CORDEX-CORE ensemble M. Reboita et al.
- Future changes in North Atlantic winter cyclones in CESM-LE – Part 1: Cyclone intensity, potential vorticity anomalies, and horizontal wind speed E. Dolores-Tesillos et al.
- Fingerprinting Mediterranean hurricanes using pre-event thermal drops in seawater temperature G. Scardino et al.
- Assimilation of satellite-derived rainfall estimates to improve numerical simulations of medicanes L. Silva & S. Davolio
- Unravelling drivers of the future Mediterranean precipitation paradox during cyclones M. Chericoni et al.
- Analyzing the Mediterranean Tropical-like Cyclone Ianos Using the Moist Static Energy Budget M. Saraceni et al.
- Air–sea interaction in medicanes with atmosphere–ocean–wave coupled regional climate simulations F. Batibeniz et al.
- Dynamics, predictability, impacts and climate change considerations of the catastrophic Mediterranean Storm Daniel (2023) E. Flaounas et al.
- The impact of preceding convection on the development of Medicane Ianos and the sensitivity to sea surface temperature C. Sánchez et al.
- The crucial representation of deep convection for the cyclogenesis of Medicane Ianos F. Pantillon et al.
- Environmental characteristics associated with the development of deep warm core Mediterranean Cyclones L. Bernini et al.
- Variability of marine heatwaves and atmospheric cyclones in the Mediterranean Sea during the last four decades Y. Androulidakis & I. Pytharoulis
- GPM-CO observations of Medicane Ianos: Comparative analysis of precipitation structure between development and mature phase L. D'Adderio et al.
- Helios and Juliette: Two falsely acclaimed medicanes? L. D'Adderio et al.
- Copernicus Ocean State Report, issue 6
- Passive microwave-based diagnostics of medicanes over the period 2000–2021 V. Di Francesca et al.
- Systematic assessment of the diabatic processes that modify low-level potential vorticity in extratropical cyclones R. Attinger et al.
- Assessing the coastal hazard of Medicane Ianos through ensemble modelling C. Ferrarin et al.
- Recent innovations in satellite-based applications and their impacts on tropical cyclone analyses and forecasts C. Velden et al.
39 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The pressure tendency equation as a diagnostic tool for a mediterranean explosive cyclone J. Kouroutzoglou et al.
- The upstream–downstream connection of North Atlantic and Mediterranean cyclones in semi-idealized simulations A. Scherrmann et al.
- Trajectories of cyclone propagation over the Вlack sea according to atmospheric re-analysis data E. Lemeshko
- Extreme Mediterranean cyclones and associated variables in an atmosphere-only vs. an ocean-coupled regional model M. Chericoni et al.
- Origin of low-tropospheric potential vorticity in Mediterranean cyclones A. Scherrmann et al.
- Moisture Sources for the Precipitation of Tropical-like Cyclones in the Mediterranean Sea: A Case of Study P. Coll-Hidalgo et al.
- Process-based classification of Mediterranean cyclones using potential vorticity Y. Givon et al.
- Assimilating WIVERN windpseudo-observations in WRF model: an application to the outstanding case of the Medicane Ianos S. Federico et al.
- Future projections of Mediterranean cyclone characteristics using the Med-CORDEX ensemble of coupled regional climate system models M. Reale et al.
- The importance of diabatic processes for the dynamics of synoptic-scale extratropical weather systems – a review H. Wernli & S. Gray
- Systematic evaluation of the predictability of different Mediterranean cyclone categories B. Doiteau et al.
- Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone forecasts and analysis using the ECMWF ensemble forecasting system with physical parameterization perturbations M. Saraceni et al.
- The connection between North Atlantic storm track regimes and eastern Mediterranean cyclonic activity D. Sandler et al.
- Analysis of the Transition of an Explosive Cyclone to a Mediterranean Tropical-like Cyclone J. Kouroutzoglou et al.
- Phase transitions between tropical, subtropical, and extratropical cyclones: A review from IWTC-10 K. Wood et al.
- Mediterranean cyclones: current knowledge and open questions on dynamics, prediction, climatology and impacts E. Flaounas et al.
- Synoptic analysis of cyclone Ianos based on surface and satellite observations and high-resolution reanalysis data D. Hérincs & Z. Dezső
- Characteristics of diabatically influenced cyclones with high wind damage potential in Europe S. Christ et al.
- A global climatology of sting-jet extratropical cyclones S. Gray et al.
- Warm Core and Deep Convection in Medicanes: A Passive Microwave-Based Investigation G. Panegrossi et al.
- Future changes in winter explosive cyclones over the Southern Hemisphere domains from the CORDEX-CORE ensemble M. Reboita et al.
- Future changes in North Atlantic winter cyclones in CESM-LE – Part 1: Cyclone intensity, potential vorticity anomalies, and horizontal wind speed E. Dolores-Tesillos et al.
- Fingerprinting Mediterranean hurricanes using pre-event thermal drops in seawater temperature G. Scardino et al.
- Assimilation of satellite-derived rainfall estimates to improve numerical simulations of medicanes L. Silva & S. Davolio
- Unravelling drivers of the future Mediterranean precipitation paradox during cyclones M. Chericoni et al.
- Analyzing the Mediterranean Tropical-like Cyclone Ianos Using the Moist Static Energy Budget M. Saraceni et al.
- Air–sea interaction in medicanes with atmosphere–ocean–wave coupled regional climate simulations F. Batibeniz et al.
- Dynamics, predictability, impacts and climate change considerations of the catastrophic Mediterranean Storm Daniel (2023) E. Flaounas et al.
- The impact of preceding convection on the development of Medicane Ianos and the sensitivity to sea surface temperature C. Sánchez et al.
- The crucial representation of deep convection for the cyclogenesis of Medicane Ianos F. Pantillon et al.
- Environmental characteristics associated with the development of deep warm core Mediterranean Cyclones L. Bernini et al.
- Variability of marine heatwaves and atmospheric cyclones in the Mediterranean Sea during the last four decades Y. Androulidakis & I. Pytharoulis
- GPM-CO observations of Medicane Ianos: Comparative analysis of precipitation structure between development and mature phase L. D'Adderio et al.
- Helios and Juliette: Two falsely acclaimed medicanes? L. D'Adderio et al.
- Copernicus Ocean State Report, issue 6
- Passive microwave-based diagnostics of medicanes over the period 2000–2021 V. Di Francesca et al.
- Systematic assessment of the diabatic processes that modify low-level potential vorticity in extratropical cyclones R. Attinger et al.
- Assessing the coastal hazard of Medicane Ianos through ensemble modelling C. Ferrarin et al.
- Recent innovations in satellite-based applications and their impacts on tropical cyclone analyses and forecasts C. Velden et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 11 May 2026
Short summary
In this study, we quantify the relative contribution of different atmospheric processes to the development of 100 intense Mediterranean cyclones and show that both upper tropospheric systems and diabatic processes contribute to cyclone development. However, these contributions are complex and present high variability among the cases. For this reason, we analyse several exemplary cases in more detail, including 10 systems that have been identified in the past as tropical-like cyclones.
In this study, we quantify the relative contribution of different atmospheric processes to the...