Articles | Volume 2, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-89-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-89-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
02 Feb 2021
Research article |
| 02 Feb 2021
| 02 Feb 2021
Observations and simulation of intense convection embedded in a warm conveyor belt – how ambient vertical wind shear determines the dynamical impact
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-TRO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
Michael Sprenger
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
Hanna Joos
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
Maxi Boettcher
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
Heike Konow
Meteorological Institute, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Martin Hagen
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft‐ und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Heini Wernli
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Cited
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- Temporal Evolution of Small-Amplitude Internal Gravity Waves Generated by Latent Heating in an Anelastic Fluid Flow A. Sayed et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/appliedmath5030080
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- The importance of diabatic processes for the dynamics of synoptic-scale extratropical weather systems – a review H. Wernli & S. Gray https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-5-1299-2024
- Convective Environments Within Mediterranean Cyclones A. Portal et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.1302
- Sensitivities of warm conveyor belt ascent, associated precipitation characteristics and large‐scale flow pattern: Insights from a perturbed parameter ensemble A. Oertel et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4986
- The impact of deep convection representation in a global atmospheric model on the warm conveyor belt and jet stream during NAWDEX IOP6 G. Rivière et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-1011-2021
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- Microphysics Impacts on the Warm Conveyor Belt and Ridge Building of the NAWDEX IOP6 Cyclone M. Mazoyer et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-21-0061.1
- Linking warm conveyor belts to the TEM circulation in Northern Hemisphere midlatitude winter Y. Hwang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-026-01435-3
- Quantifying the circulation induced by convective clouds in kilometer‐scale simulations A. Oertel & S. Schemm https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3992
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- From sea to sky: understanding the sea surface temperature impact on an atmospheric blocking event using sensitivity experiments with the ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON) model S. Christ et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-17-2025
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- On the impact of ice formation processes and sedimentation on cirrus origin classification in warm conveyor belt outflow T. Lüttmer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10245-2025
20 citations as recorded by crossref.
- EuLerian Identification of ascending AirStreams (ELIAS 2.0) in numerical weather prediction and climate models – Part 2: Model application to different datasets J. Quinting et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-731-2022
- An ERA5 climatology of synoptic-scale negative potential vorticity–jet interactions over the western North Atlantic A. Lojko et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-387-2025
- Climatology of cyclones in western and northwestern Iran using reanalysis and remote sensing data E. Ghasemifar et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.7770
- Compound wind and rainfall extremes: Drivers and future changes over the UK and Ireland C. Manning et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2024.100673
- Mesoscale Predictability in Moist Midlatitude Cyclones Is Not Sensitive to the Slope of the Background Kinetic Energy Spectrum D. Lloveras et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-21-0147.1
- The role of ascent timescales for warm conveyor belt (WCB) moisture transport into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) C. Schwenk & A. Miltenberger https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-14073-2024
- Temporal Evolution of Small-Amplitude Internal Gravity Waves Generated by Latent Heating in an Anelastic Fluid Flow A. Sayed et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/appliedmath5030080
- Lagrangian matches between observations from aircraft, lidar and radar in a warm conveyor belt crossing orography M. Boettcher et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5477-2021
- The importance of diabatic processes for the dynamics of synoptic-scale extratropical weather systems – a review H. Wernli & S. Gray https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-5-1299-2024
- Convective Environments Within Mediterranean Cyclones A. Portal et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.1302
- Sensitivities of warm conveyor belt ascent, associated precipitation characteristics and large‐scale flow pattern: Insights from a perturbed parameter ensemble A. Oertel et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4986
- The impact of deep convection representation in a global atmospheric model on the warm conveyor belt and jet stream during NAWDEX IOP6 G. Rivière et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-1011-2021
- Interaction of microphysics and dynamics in a warm conveyor belt simulated with the ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON) model A. Oertel et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8553-2023
- Microphysics Impacts on the Warm Conveyor Belt and Ridge Building of the NAWDEX IOP6 Cyclone M. Mazoyer et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-21-0061.1
- Linking warm conveyor belts to the TEM circulation in Northern Hemisphere midlatitude winter Y. Hwang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-026-01435-3
- Quantifying the circulation induced by convective clouds in kilometer‐scale simulations A. Oertel & S. Schemm https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3992
- Diabatic processes modulating the vertical structure of the jet stream above the cold front of an extratropical cyclone: sensitivity to deep convection schemes M. Wimmer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-863-2022
- From sea to sky: understanding the sea surface temperature impact on an atmospheric blocking event using sensitivity experiments with the ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON) model S. Christ et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-17-2025
- Visual analysis of model parameter sensitivities along warm conveyor belt trajectories using Met.3D (1.6.0-multivar1) C. Neuhauser et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4617-2023
- On the impact of ice formation processes and sedimentation on cirrus origin classification in warm conveyor belt outflow T. Lüttmer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10245-2025
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 11 Sep 2026
Short summary
Convection embedded in the stratiform cloud band of strongly ascending airstreams in extratropical cyclones (so-called warm conveyor belts) can influence not only surface precipitation but also the
upper-tropospheric potential vorticity (PV) and waveguide. The comparison of intense vs. moderate embedded convection shows that its strength alone is not a reliable measure for upper-tropospheric PV modification. Instead, characteristics of the ambient flow co-determine its dynamical significance.
Convection embedded in the stratiform cloud band of strongly ascending airstreams in...
