Articles | Volume 3, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-1237-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-1237-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
The stratosphere: a review of the dynamics and variability
Neal Butchart
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Met Office Hadley Centre (MOHC), Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
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Cited
35 citations as recorded by crossref.
- QBO Phase Synchronization in CMIP6 Historical Simulations Attributed to Ozone Forcing N. Butchart et al.
- Investigation of Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) Events Between 1980 and 2100 S. Durmus et al.
- Interdecadal variability of the Antarctic Polar vortex linked to central Pacific sea surface temperature Y. Niu et al.
- Northern Hemisphere stratospheric polar vortex morphology under localized gravity wave forcing: a shape-based classification S. Mehrdad et al.
- Connection between Winter East Asia Flow Patterns and Stratospheric Polar Vortex Anomalies M. Taguchi
- Intraseasonal shift in the wintertime North Atlantic jet structure projected by CMIP6 models M. García-Burgos et al.
- Influence of high-latitude blocking and the northern stratospheric polar vortex on cold-air outbreaks under Arctic amplification of global warming E. Hanna et al.
- Variations of Planetary Wave Activity in the Lower Stratosphere in February as a Predictor of Ozone Depletion in the Arctic in March P. Vargin et al.
- Relative roles of different tropical oceans on the weakening of the stratospheric equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation Y. Wang et al.
- The Key Role of the Vertical Structure of the Stratospheric Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation in the Variations of Asian Precipitation in Summer F. Luo et al.
- The JAGUAR-DAS whole neutral atmosphere reanalysis: JAWARA D. Koshin et al.
- Unusually disturbed middle atmosphere during boreal winter 2023/2024 based on MERRA-2: Part 2. Major stratospheric warming and the response of Arctic ozone to it D. Pancheva & P. Mukhtarov
- Arctic stratosphere changes in the 21st century in the Earth system model SOCOLv4 P. Vargin et al.
- How do different pathways connect the stratospheric polar vortex to its tropospheric precursors? R. Köhler et al.
- Seasonal and regional jet stream changes and drivers P. Breul et al.
- Volcanic aerosol modification of the stratospheric circulation in E3SMv2 – Part 1: Wave–mean flow interaction J. Hollowed et al.
- Semi-empirical estimates of stratospheric circulation and the lifetimes of chlorofluorocarbons and carbon tetrachloride S. Bourguet et al.
- Station-keeping HAPS mission through optimal sprint and drift trajectories A. Delgado et al.
- Teleconnection of the Quasi-biennial oscillation with boreal winter surface climate in Eurasia and North America V. Kumar et al.
- Large-scale dynamic processes during the minor and major sudden stratospheric warming events in January–February 2023 P. Vargin et al.
- Role of Stratospheric Processes in Climate Change: Advances and Challenges W. Tian et al.
- The disappearing quasi-biennial oscillation under sustained global warming F. Luo et al.
- Mid-latitude baroclinic waves in a zonally homogeneous Earth-like planet A. Sukhanovskii et al.
- The Arctic Oscillation Response to the QBO in an EOF-Based QBO Phase Space T. Wan et al.
- The impact of the QBO vertical structure on June extreme high temperatures in South Asia J. Luo et al.
- Defining Arctic Stratospheric Polar Vortex Intensification Events J. Huang & P. Hitchcock
- Impact of stratospheric polar vortex variability on Antarctic sea ice in CMIP6 models B. Mezzina et al.
- A Climatology of Filaments Emanating from the Stratospheric Polar Vortex in the Southern Hemisphere T. Shibata et al.
- The solar influenced cyclone genesis modelling: North Indian Ocean region S. Hassan et al.
- UA-ICON with the NWP physics package (version ua-icon-2.1): mean state and variability of the middle atmosphere M. Kunze et al.
- The role of the stratospheric state in upward wave flux prior to Sudden Stratospheric Warmings: a SNAPSI analysis B. Ayarzagüena et al.
- Quasi-biennial oscillation: laboratory experiments B. Semin & F. Pétrelis
- Seasonal drought predictions in the Mediterranean using the SPEI index: Paving the way for their operational applicability in climate services S. Brands et al.
- A revisit and comparison of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) disruption events in 2015/16 and 2019/20 Y. Wang et al.
- Features of the Vertical Distribution of Air Temperature over Tomsk during Sudden Stratospheric Warming in Winter 2023 According to Data from the Siberian Lidar Station O. Antokhina et al.
35 citations as recorded by crossref.
- QBO Phase Synchronization in CMIP6 Historical Simulations Attributed to Ozone Forcing N. Butchart et al.
- Investigation of Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) Events Between 1980 and 2100 S. Durmus et al.
- Interdecadal variability of the Antarctic Polar vortex linked to central Pacific sea surface temperature Y. Niu et al.
- Northern Hemisphere stratospheric polar vortex morphology under localized gravity wave forcing: a shape-based classification S. Mehrdad et al.
- Connection between Winter East Asia Flow Patterns and Stratospheric Polar Vortex Anomalies M. Taguchi
- Intraseasonal shift in the wintertime North Atlantic jet structure projected by CMIP6 models M. García-Burgos et al.
- Influence of high-latitude blocking and the northern stratospheric polar vortex on cold-air outbreaks under Arctic amplification of global warming E. Hanna et al.
- Variations of Planetary Wave Activity in the Lower Stratosphere in February as a Predictor of Ozone Depletion in the Arctic in March P. Vargin et al.
- Relative roles of different tropical oceans on the weakening of the stratospheric equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation Y. Wang et al.
- The Key Role of the Vertical Structure of the Stratospheric Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation in the Variations of Asian Precipitation in Summer F. Luo et al.
- The JAGUAR-DAS whole neutral atmosphere reanalysis: JAWARA D. Koshin et al.
- Unusually disturbed middle atmosphere during boreal winter 2023/2024 based on MERRA-2: Part 2. Major stratospheric warming and the response of Arctic ozone to it D. Pancheva & P. Mukhtarov
- Arctic stratosphere changes in the 21st century in the Earth system model SOCOLv4 P. Vargin et al.
- How do different pathways connect the stratospheric polar vortex to its tropospheric precursors? R. Köhler et al.
- Seasonal and regional jet stream changes and drivers P. Breul et al.
- Volcanic aerosol modification of the stratospheric circulation in E3SMv2 – Part 1: Wave–mean flow interaction J. Hollowed et al.
- Semi-empirical estimates of stratospheric circulation and the lifetimes of chlorofluorocarbons and carbon tetrachloride S. Bourguet et al.
- Station-keeping HAPS mission through optimal sprint and drift trajectories A. Delgado et al.
- Teleconnection of the Quasi-biennial oscillation with boreal winter surface climate in Eurasia and North America V. Kumar et al.
- Large-scale dynamic processes during the minor and major sudden stratospheric warming events in January–February 2023 P. Vargin et al.
- Role of Stratospheric Processes in Climate Change: Advances and Challenges W. Tian et al.
- The disappearing quasi-biennial oscillation under sustained global warming F. Luo et al.
- Mid-latitude baroclinic waves in a zonally homogeneous Earth-like planet A. Sukhanovskii et al.
- The Arctic Oscillation Response to the QBO in an EOF-Based QBO Phase Space T. Wan et al.
- The impact of the QBO vertical structure on June extreme high temperatures in South Asia J. Luo et al.
- Defining Arctic Stratospheric Polar Vortex Intensification Events J. Huang & P. Hitchcock
- Impact of stratospheric polar vortex variability on Antarctic sea ice in CMIP6 models B. Mezzina et al.
- A Climatology of Filaments Emanating from the Stratospheric Polar Vortex in the Southern Hemisphere T. Shibata et al.
- The solar influenced cyclone genesis modelling: North Indian Ocean region S. Hassan et al.
- UA-ICON with the NWP physics package (version ua-icon-2.1): mean state and variability of the middle atmosphere M. Kunze et al.
- The role of the stratospheric state in upward wave flux prior to Sudden Stratospheric Warmings: a SNAPSI analysis B. Ayarzagüena et al.
- Quasi-biennial oscillation: laboratory experiments B. Semin & F. Pétrelis
- Seasonal drought predictions in the Mediterranean using the SPEI index: Paving the way for their operational applicability in climate services S. Brands et al.
- A revisit and comparison of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) disruption events in 2015/16 and 2019/20 Y. Wang et al.
- Features of the Vertical Distribution of Air Temperature over Tomsk during Sudden Stratospheric Warming in Winter 2023 According to Data from the Siberian Lidar Station O. Antokhina et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 02 May 2026
Short summary
In recent years, it has emerged that there is an affinity between stratospheric variability and surface events. Waves from the troposphere interacting with the mean flow drive much of the variability in the polar vortex, sudden stratospheric warmings and tropical quasi-biennial oscillation. Here we review the historical evolution of established knowledge of the stratosphere's global structure and dynamical variability, along with recent advances and theories, and identify outstanding challenges.
In recent years, it has emerged that there is an affinity between stratospheric variability and...