Frequency anomalies and characteristics of extratropical cyclones during extremely wet, dry, windy, and calm seasons in the extratropics

Binder, Hanin; Wernli, Heini

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-151-2025

Articles | Volume 6, issue 1

https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-151-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-151-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 6, issue 1

Research article

|

31 Jan 2025

Research article |

| 31 Jan 2025

Frequency anomalies and characteristics of extratropical cyclones during extremely wet, dry, windy, and calm seasons in the extratropics

Hanin Binder and Heini Wernli

Supplement

https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-151-2025-supplement

Data sets

The ERA5 extreme seasons explorer as a basis for research at the weather and climate interface (https://intexseas-explorer.ethz.ch) M. Boettcher et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0348.1

The ERA5 global reanalysis (https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.adbb2d47) H. Hersbach et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803

Model code and software

The Community Earth System Model: a framework for collaborative research (https://www.cesm.ucar.edu/models/cesm1.0/) J. W. Hurrell et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00121.1

Short summary

This study presents a systematic analysis of frequency anomalies and characteristics of extratropical cyclones during extremely wet, dry, windy, and calm winter and summer seasons in the extratropics based on 1050 years of present-day climate simulations. We show that anomalies in cyclone frequency, intensity, and stationarity are crucial to the occurrence of many extreme seasons and that these anomaly patterns exhibit substantial regional and seasonal variability.