Articles | Volume 6, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-43-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-43-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Review article
| 
09 Jan 2025
Review article |
| 09 Jan 2025
| 09 Jan 2025
Western disturbances and climate variability: a review of recent developments
Kieran M. R. Hunt
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK
National Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, University of Reading, Reading UK
Jean-Philippe Baudouin
Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
Andrew G. Turner
Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK
National Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, University of Reading, Reading UK
A. P. Dimri
School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Mumbai, India
Ghulam Jeelani
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
Pooja
School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
Rajib Chattopadhyay
India Meteorological Department, Ministry of Earth Sciences, New Delhi, India
Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, India
Forest Cannon
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, USA
T. Arulalan
Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
India Meteorological Department, Ministry of Earth Sciences, New Delhi, India
M. S. Shekhar
Defence Geoinformatics Research Establishment, Chandigarh, India
T. P. Sabin
Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, India
Eliza Palazzi
Department of Physics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Cited
7 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Building and explaining data-driven energy demand models for Indian states K. Hunt & H. Bloomfield 10.1088/2753-3751/adc7bc
- Spatiotemporal analysis of land surface temperature and wind dynamics during winter in Bangladesh H. Dastour et al. 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.106498
- The Holocene sedimentary record of Mittie Glacier dynamics in Smith Bay, Ellesmere Island (eastern Canadian Arctic Archipelago) E. Bracquart et al. 10.1002/jqs.70005
- Understanding the response of tropical overturning circulations to greenhouse gas and aerosol forcing V. Kalik et al. 10.1088/2752-5295/ad6f3c
- Long-term variability of the low-level clouds across Indo-Gangetic Plain K. Shukla et al. 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2024.101521
- Spatiotemporal dynamics of hailstorm activity and its implications on horticulture production in the northwest Himalaya B. Mohi Ud Din et al. 10.1007/s11069-025-07467-x
- Pacific Decadal Oscillation-driven interdecadal variability of snowfall over the Karakoram and the Western Himalayas P. Bharati et al. 10.5194/wcd-6-197-2025
3 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Building and explaining data-driven energy demand models for Indian states K. Hunt & H. Bloomfield 10.1088/2753-3751/adc7bc
- Spatiotemporal analysis of land surface temperature and wind dynamics during winter in Bangladesh H. Dastour et al. 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.106498
- The Holocene sedimentary record of Mittie Glacier dynamics in Smith Bay, Ellesmere Island (eastern Canadian Arctic Archipelago) E. Bracquart et al. 10.1002/jqs.70005
4 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Understanding the response of tropical overturning circulations to greenhouse gas and aerosol forcing V. Kalik et al. 10.1088/2752-5295/ad6f3c
- Long-term variability of the low-level clouds across Indo-Gangetic Plain K. Shukla et al. 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2024.101521
- Spatiotemporal dynamics of hailstorm activity and its implications on horticulture production in the northwest Himalaya B. Mohi Ud Din et al. 10.1007/s11069-025-07467-x
- Pacific Decadal Oscillation-driven interdecadal variability of snowfall over the Karakoram and the Western Himalayas P. Bharati et al. 10.5194/wcd-6-197-2025
Latest update: 17 Aug 2025
Short summary
Western disturbances (WDs) are storms that predominantly affect north India and Pakistan during the winter months, where they play an important role in regional water security, but can also bring a range of natural hazards. In this review, we summarise recent literature across a range of topics: their structure and lifecycle, precipitation and impacts, interactions with large-scale weather patterns, representation in models, how well they are forecast, and their response to changes in climate.
Western disturbances (WDs) are storms that predominantly affect north India and Pakistan during...
