Extreme weather anomalies and surface signatures associated with merged Atlantic–African jets during northern winter

Suresan, Sohan; Harnik, Nili; Caballero, Rodrigo

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-789-2025

Articles | Volume 6, issue 3

https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-789-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-789-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 6, issue 3

Research article

|

24 Jul 2025

Research article |

| 24 Jul 2025

Extreme weather anomalies and surface signatures associated with merged Atlantic–African jets during northern winter

Sohan Suresan, Nili Harnik, and Rodrigo Caballero

Supplement

https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-789-2025-supplement

Data sets

ERA5 monthly averaged data on single levels from 1940 to present Hans Hersbach et al. https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.f17050d7

ERA5 monthly averaged data on pressure levels from 1940 to present Hans Hersbach et al. https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.6860a573

North Atlantic Oscillation index NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/precip/CWlink/pna/nao.shtml

Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) https://psl.noaa.gov/data/correlation/oni.data

Short summary

This study is an exploration of how extreme winter weather events across the Northern Hemisphere are influenced by the rare merging of the Atlantic and African jets, beyond such typical factors as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We identify unique surface signals and changes in cyclone paths associated with such persistent winter jets merging over the Atlantic, offering insights into these extreme winter weather patterns.