Articles | Volume 7, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-7-317-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-7-317-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
04 Feb 2026
Research article |
| 04 Feb 2026
| 04 Feb 2026
QBOi El Niño Southern Oscillation experiments: assessing relationships between ENSO, MJO, and QBO
Dillon Elsbury
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
NOAA/Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
Federico Serva
Institute of Marine Sciences, National Research Council (ISMAR-CNR), Rome, Italy
Julie M. Caron
U. S. National Science Foundation National Center for Atmospheric Research (NSF NCAR), Boulder, CO, USA
Seung-Yoon Back
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
Clara Orbe
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), New York, New York, USA
Jadwiga H. Richter
U. S. National Science Foundation National Center for Atmospheric Research (NSF NCAR), Boulder, CO, USA
James A. Anstey
Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma), Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
Neal Butchart
Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom
Chih-Chieh Chen
U. S. National Science Foundation National Center for Atmospheric Research (NSF NCAR), Boulder, CO, USA
Javier García-Serrano
Group of Meteorology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain
Anne Glanville
U. S. National Science Foundation National Center for Atmospheric Research (NSF NCAR), Boulder, CO, USA
Yoshio Kawatani
Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Tobias Kerzenmacher
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research Atmospheric Trace Gases and Remote Sensing (IMKASF) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
Francois Lott
Laboratorie de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD), Paris, France
Hiroaki Naoe
Meteorological Research Institute (MRI), Tsukuba, Japan
Scott Osprey
National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), United Kingdom
Department of Physics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
Froila M. Palmeiro
Group of Meteorology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
CMCC Foundation - Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, Italy
Seok-Woo Son
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
Masakazu Taguchi
Aichi University of Education, Kariya, Japan
Stefan Versick
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research Atmospheric Trace Gases and Remote Sensing (IMKASF) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
Shingo Watanabe
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokohama, Japan
Advanced Institute for Marine Ecosystem Change (WPI-AIMEC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Kohei Yoshida
Meteorological Research Institute (MRI), Tsukuba, Japan
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Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 28 Aug 2026
Short summary
We used climate models to test how constant El Niño and La Niña ocean conditions shape the Madden-Julian Oscillation during northern winter. El Niño made this weather pattern move faster, while La Niña slowed it down. The Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, a repeating wind pattern high in the atmosphere, had little effect. This shows that long-lasting ocean conditions mainly drive the changes we found.
We used climate models to test how constant El Niño and La Niña ocean conditions shape the...
