Articles | Volume 4, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-133-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-133-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
24 Jan 2023
Research article |
| 24 Jan 2023
| 24 Jan 2023
Warm conveyor belts in present-day and future climate simulations – Part 1: Climatology and impacts
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Michael Sprenger
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Hanin Binder
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Urs Beyerle
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Heini Wernli
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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- Version 1.1.1 - TROVA: TRansport Of water VApor J. Fernández-Alvarez et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2025.102135
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- Future changes in North Atlantic winter cyclones in CESM-LE – Part 2: A Lagrangian analysis E. Dolores-Tesillos & S. Pfahl https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-5-163-2024
- An ERA5 climatology of synoptic-scale negative potential vorticity–jet interactions over the western North Atlantic A. Lojko et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-387-2025
- A poleward storm track shift reduces mid-latitude heatwave frequency: insights from an idealized atmospheric model W. Wicker et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-965-2025
- Storm Boris (2024) in the current and future climate: a dynamics-centered contextualization, and some lessons learnt J. Riboldi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-7-65-2026
- The monthly evolution of precipitation and warm conveyor belts during the central southwest Asia wet season M. Breeden et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-963-2023
- Interaction of microphysics and dynamics in a warm conveyor belt simulated with the ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON) model A. Oertel et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8553-2023
- Clear-air turbulence derived from in situ aircraft observation – a weather feature-based typology using ERA5 reanalysis M. Lee & M. Sprenger https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-1583-2025
- From sea to sky: understanding the sea surface temperature impact on an atmospheric blocking event using sensitivity experiments with the ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON) model S. Christ et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-17-2025
- On the role of moist and dry processes in atmospheric blocking biases in the Euro-Atlantic region in CMIP6 E. Dolores-Tesillos et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-471-2025
- Physical mechanisms of meteorological drought development, intensification and termination: an Australian review C. Holgate et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02179-3
- On the impact of ice formation processes and sedimentation on cirrus origin classification in warm conveyor belt outflow T. Lüttmer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10245-2025
- Assessing Lagrangian coherence in atmospheric blocking H. Schoeller et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-32-51-2025
- The record-breaking precipitation event of December 2022 in Portugal T. Ferreira et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-609-2025
- The importance of diabatic processes for the dynamics of synoptic-scale extratropical weather systems – a review H. Wernli & S. Gray https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-5-1299-2024
- Sensitivities of warm conveyor belt ascent, associated precipitation characteristics and large‐scale flow pattern: Insights from a perturbed parameter ensemble A. Oertel et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4986
- Warm conveyor belt characteristics and impacts along the life cycle of extratropical cyclones: case studies and climatological analysis based on ERA5 K. Heitmann et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-5-537-2024
- Frequency anomalies and characteristics of extratropical cyclones during extremely wet, dry, windy, and calm seasons in the extratropics H. Binder & H. Wernli https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-151-2025
- The connection between North Atlantic storm track regimes and eastern Mediterranean cyclonic activity D. Sandler et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-5-1103-2024
- Australia’s Tinderbox Drought: An extreme natural event likely worsened by human-caused climate change A. Devanand et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adj3460
- Global representation of extratropical cyclone precipitation and future trends in CMIP6 models M. Jucker et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.5010
- Microphysical parameter choices modulate ice content and relative humidity in the outflow of a warm conveyor belt C. Schwenk et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-11333-2025
- The role of ascent timescales for warm conveyor belt (WCB) moisture transport into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) C. Schwenk & A. Miltenberger https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-14073-2024
- Version 1.1.1 - TROVA: TRansport Of water VApor J. Fernández-Alvarez et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2025.102135
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 03 Jun 2026
Short summary
Warm conveyor belts (WCBs) are strongly ascending, cloud- and precipitation-forming airstreams in extratropical cyclones. In this study we assess their representation in a climate simulation and their changes under global warming. They become moister, become more intense, and reach higher altitudes in a future climate, implying that they potentially have an increased impact on the mid-latitude flow.
Warm conveyor belts (WCBs) are strongly ascending, cloud- and precipitation-forming airstreams...
