Weather and Climate Dynamics
Weather and Climate Dynamics
WCD
Articles | Volume 7, issue 1
Articles | Volume 7, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-7-1-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-7-1-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 7, issue 1
Research article
 | 
05 Jan 2026
Research article |  | 05 Jan 2026

The multi-year negative Indian Ocean Dipole of 2021–2022

Ankur Srivastava, Gill M. Martin, Maheswar Pradhan, Suryachandra A. Rao, and Sarah Ineson

Viewed

Total article views: 6,144 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML PDF XML Total Supplement BibTeX EndNote
3,988 1,995 161 6,144 51 163 229
  • HTML: 3,988
  • PDF: 1,995
  • XML: 161
  • Total: 6,144
  • Supplement: 51
  • BibTeX: 163
  • EndNote: 229
Views and downloads (calculated since 10 Jun 2025)
Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 10 Jun 2025)

Viewed (geographical distribution)

Total article views: 6,144 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 5,963 with geography defined and 181 with unknown origin.
Country # Views %
  • 1
1
 
 
 
 

Saved (final revised paper)

Latest update: 22 Jul 2026
Download
Short summary
This study documents the dynamics behind the first occurrence of a multi-year negative Indian Ocean Dipole since the 1960s, which lasted for an unprecedented 19 months, and co-occurred with the triple-dip La Niña event of 2020–2022. The co-occurrence of such extremes is rare and can exacerbate the associated climate risk. We find that Indian Ocean conditions limited the impact of La Niña on the Indian Summer Monsoon, preventing excessive monsoonal rainfall.
Read more
Share