Weather and Climate Dynamics
Weather and Climate Dynamics
WCD
Articles | Volume 7, issue 1
Articles | Volume 7, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-7-1-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-7-1-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 7, issue 1
Research article
 | 
05 Jan 2026
Research article |  | 05 Jan 2026

The multi-year negative Indian Ocean Dipole of 2021–2022

Ankur Srivastava, Gill M. Martin, Maheswar Pradhan, Suryachandra A. Rao, and Sarah Ineson

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Short summary
This study documents the dynamics behind the first occurrence of a multi-year negative Indian Ocean Dipole since the 1960s, which lasted for an unprecedented 19 months, and co-occurred with the triple-dip La Niña event of 2020–2022. The co-occurrence of such extremes is rare and can exacerbate the associated climate risk. We find that Indian Ocean conditions limited the impact of La Niña on the Indian Summer Monsoon, preventing excessive monsoonal rainfall.
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