Weather and Climate Dynamics
Weather and Climate Dynamics
WCD
Articles | Volume 7, issue 2
Articles | Volume 7, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-7-825-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-7-825-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 7, issue 2
Research article
 | 
20 May 2026
Research article |  | 20 May 2026

Cold spells induced by slow-moving and amplified large-scale ridge and trough

Morteza Babaei, Rune Grand Graversen, Johannes Patrick Stoll, and Jakub Petříček

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Cited articles

Babaei, M., Graversen, R. G., Stoll, J. P., and Petříček, J.: Cold spells induced by slow and amplified atmospheric waves (codes), Version v1, Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16761349, 2025. a
Barnes, E. A.: Revisiting the evidence linking Arctic amplification to extreme weather in midlatitudes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 4734–4739, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50880, 2013. a, b, c
Barnes, M. A., King, M., Reeder, M., and Jakob, C.: The dynamics of slow-moving coherent cyclonic potential vorticity anomalies and their links to heavy rainfall over the eastern seaboard of Australia, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 149, 2233–2251, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4503, 2023. a
Barriopedro, D., García-Herrera, R., Lupo, A. R., and Hernández, E.: A Climatology of Northern Hemisphere Blocking, J. Climate., 19, 1042–1063, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3678.1, 2006. a
Bieli, M., Pfahl, S., and Wernli, H.: A Lagrangian investigation of hot and cold temperature extremes in Europe, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 141, 98–108, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2339, 2015. a
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Extreme weather events have historically caused major challenges for humanity. Yet, our understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to their formation remains unclear. Our study provides evidence that locally amplified and slow-moving Rossby waves are responsible for the formation of extreme cold spells. These findings are obtained based on two novel metrics assessing the amplitude and speed of ridges and troughs separately at all longitudes around latitude circles.
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