Articles | Volume 2, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-1111-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-1111-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Characteristics of extratropical cyclones and precursors to windstorms in northern Europe
Weather and Climate Change Impact Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Hilppa Gregow
Weather and Climate Change Impact Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Joona Cornér
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Victoria A. Sinclair
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Cited
15 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Historical and Future Windstorms in the Northeastern United States S. Pryor et al. 10.3390/cli13050105
- Future changes in North Atlantic winter cyclones in CESM-LE – Part 2: A Lagrangian analysis E. Dolores-Tesillos & S. Pfahl 10.5194/wcd-5-163-2024
- Simulating sea level extremes from synthetic low-pressure systems J. Särkkä et al. 10.5194/nhess-24-1835-2024
- Classification of North Atlantic and European extratropical cyclones using multiple measures of intensity J. Cornér et al. 10.5194/nhess-25-207-2025
- Event attribution of a midlatitude windstorm using ensemble weather forecasts S. Ermis et al. 10.1088/2752-5295/ad4200
- Classifying extratropical cyclones and their impact on Finland's electricity grid: insights from 92 damaging windstorms I. Láng-Ritter et al. 10.5194/nhess-25-1697-2025
- On the Systematic Occurrence of Compound Cold Spells in North America and Wet or Windy Extremes in Europe G. Messori & D. Faranda 10.1029/2022GL101008
- Landscape configuration and storm characteristics drive spatial patterns of wind disturbance in boreal forest landscapes N. Kulha et al. 10.1007/s10980-024-01916-x
- Electricity Load Lost in the Largest Windstorms—Is the Fragility-Based Model up to the Task? J. Jasiūnas et al. 10.3390/en16155678
- How Landmass Distribution Influences the Atmospheric Dynamics of Tidally Locked Terrestrial Exoplanets F. Sainsbury-Martinez et al. 10.3847/1538-4357/ad6d5b
- Impact of wind speed and soil frost on electricity distribution system reliability J. Haakana et al. 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40846
- Large-scale perspective on extreme near-surface winds in the central North Atlantic A. Stanković et al. 10.5194/wcd-5-821-2024
- Boundary-layer height and surface stability at Hyytiälä, Finland, in ERA5 and observations V. Sinclair et al. 10.5194/amt-15-3075-2022
- Flows, circulations, and energy transport in the outer and deep atmospheres of synchronous and non-synchronous hot Jupiters F. Sainsbury-Martinez & P. Tremblin 10.1051/0004-6361/202451603
- Strong polar vortex favoured intense Northern European storminess in February 2022 R. Williams et al. 10.1038/s43247-025-02175-7
15 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Historical and Future Windstorms in the Northeastern United States S. Pryor et al. 10.3390/cli13050105
- Future changes in North Atlantic winter cyclones in CESM-LE – Part 2: A Lagrangian analysis E. Dolores-Tesillos & S. Pfahl 10.5194/wcd-5-163-2024
- Simulating sea level extremes from synthetic low-pressure systems J. Särkkä et al. 10.5194/nhess-24-1835-2024
- Classification of North Atlantic and European extratropical cyclones using multiple measures of intensity J. Cornér et al. 10.5194/nhess-25-207-2025
- Event attribution of a midlatitude windstorm using ensemble weather forecasts S. Ermis et al. 10.1088/2752-5295/ad4200
- Classifying extratropical cyclones and their impact on Finland's electricity grid: insights from 92 damaging windstorms I. Láng-Ritter et al. 10.5194/nhess-25-1697-2025
- On the Systematic Occurrence of Compound Cold Spells in North America and Wet or Windy Extremes in Europe G. Messori & D. Faranda 10.1029/2022GL101008
- Landscape configuration and storm characteristics drive spatial patterns of wind disturbance in boreal forest landscapes N. Kulha et al. 10.1007/s10980-024-01916-x
- Electricity Load Lost in the Largest Windstorms—Is the Fragility-Based Model up to the Task? J. Jasiūnas et al. 10.3390/en16155678
- How Landmass Distribution Influences the Atmospheric Dynamics of Tidally Locked Terrestrial Exoplanets F. Sainsbury-Martinez et al. 10.3847/1538-4357/ad6d5b
- Impact of wind speed and soil frost on electricity distribution system reliability J. Haakana et al. 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40846
- Large-scale perspective on extreme near-surface winds in the central North Atlantic A. Stanković et al. 10.5194/wcd-5-821-2024
- Boundary-layer height and surface stability at Hyytiälä, Finland, in ERA5 and observations V. Sinclair et al. 10.5194/amt-15-3075-2022
- Flows, circulations, and energy transport in the outer and deep atmospheres of synchronous and non-synchronous hot Jupiters F. Sainsbury-Martinez & P. Tremblin 10.1051/0004-6361/202451603
- Strong polar vortex favoured intense Northern European storminess in February 2022 R. Williams et al. 10.1038/s43247-025-02175-7
Latest update: 10 Sep 2025
Short summary
We create a climatology of mid-latitude cyclones and windstorms in northern Europe and investigate how sensitive the minimum pressure and maximum gust of windstorms are to four precursors. Windstorms are more common in the cold season than the warm season, whereas the number of mid-latitude cyclones has no annual cycle. The low-level temperature gradient has the strongest impact of all considered precursors on the intensity of windstorms in terms of both the minimum pressure and maximum gust.
We create a climatology of mid-latitude cyclones and windstorms in northern Europe and...