A life cycle definition of year-round weather regimes in the  North Atlantic European region

Grams, Christian M.

doi:10.5194/wcd-7-1641-2026

Articles | Volume 7, issue 3

https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-7-1641-2026

© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-7-1641-2026

© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 7, issue 3

Research article

|

03 Sep 2026

Research article |

| 03 Sep 2026

A life cycle definition of year-round weather regimes in the North Atlantic European region

Christian M. Grams

Supplement

https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-7-1641-2026-supplement

Data sets

Year-round North Atlantic-European Weather Regimes in ERA5 reanalyses (Version 1.0) Christian M. Grams https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17080146

ERA5 hourly data on pressure levels from 1940 to present Hans Hersbach et al. https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.bd0915c6

Model code and software

The NCAR Command Language (Version 6.2.1) NCL https://doi.org/10.5065/D6WD3XH5

Short summary

The study discusses key characteristics, impact on surface weather, and trends of year-round North Atlantic European weather regimes for 1950–2024. Novel insight is gained in inter-annual variability and recent trends in regime occurrence. Regimes are important because they affect weather in Europe for several days to a few weeks and enable weather forecasts several weeks ahead. Regimes also affect extremes, such as heat waves. Data is published at Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17080145).