Weather and Climate Dynamics
Weather and Climate Dynamics
WCD
Articles | Volume 7, issue 3
Articles | Volume 7, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-7-1681-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-7-1681-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 7, issue 3
Research article
 | 
04 Sep 2026
Research article |  | 04 Sep 2026

Towards understanding the interannual variability of hail in Switzerland

Lena Wilhelm, Monika Feldmann, Katharina Schröer, Cornelia Schwierz, and Olivia Martius

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Short summary
Hailstorms are among the most damaging natural hazards in Switzerland, yet drivers of their year-to-year variability remain unclear. Using a 64-year reconstruction of hail days and atmospheric reanalysis, we show that active hail seasons are linked to recurring large-scale circulation patterns and seasonally preconditioned sea and land surface conditions that repeatedly bring warm, moist, unstable environments. Our findings underpin seasonal hail prediction and can support risk preparedness.
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