Weather and Climate Dynamics
Weather and Climate Dynamics
WCD
Articles | Volume 7, issue 4
Articles | Volume 7, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-7-2171-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-7-2171-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 7, issue 4
Research article
 | 
06 Nov 2026
Research article |  | 06 Nov 2026

The moisture mode-to-gravity wave spectrum as a framework to define tropical weather systems

Muhamad Reyhan Respati, Martin S. Singh, and Christian Jakob

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Short summary
Unlike in the extratropics, there is no standard way to classify tropical weather systems. We introduce a new classification based on how fast a system moves and the relative importance of moisture and buoyancy in its driving mechanisms. We find that systems for which moisture is a key driver contribute up to 75 % of extreme rainfall in certain areas. This new model provides a much-needed "roadmap" for scientists to understand how tropical dynamics and rainfall are connected across the globe.
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