Articles | Volume 6, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-1179-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-1179-2025
Research article
 | 
21 Oct 2025
Research article |  | 21 Oct 2025

Southern Annular Mode persistence and westerly jet: a reassessment using high-resolution global models

Ting-Chen Chen, Hugues Goosse, Cécile Davrinche, Stephy Libera, Christopher Roberts, Matthias Aengenheyster, Kristian Strommen, Malcolm Roberts, Rohit Ghosh, and Jin-Song von Storch

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Cited articles

Barnes, E. A. and Hartmann, D. L.: Dynamical Feedbacks of the Southern Annular Mode in Winter and Summer, J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 2320–2330, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JAS3385.1, 2010. 
Barnes, E. A. and Polvani, L. M.: CMIP5 Projections of Arctic Amplification, of the North American/North Atlantic Circulation, and of Their Relationship, J. Climate, 28, 5254–5271, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00589.1, 2015. 
Bishop, S. P., Small, R. J., Bryan, F. O., and Tomas, R. A.: Scale Dependence of Midlatitude Air–Sea Interaction, J. Climate, 30, 8207–8221, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0159.1, 2017. 
Bracegirdle, T. J., Holmes, C. R., Hosking, J. S., Marshall, G. J., Osman, M., Patterson, M., and Rackow, T.: Improvements in Circumpolar Southern Hemisphere Extratropical Atmospheric Circulation in CMIP6 Compared to CMIP5, Earth Space Sci., 7, e2019EA001065, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EA001065, 2020. 
Busecke, J. J. M. and Abernathey, R. P.: Ocean mesoscale mixing linked to climate variability, Sci. Adv., 5, eaav5014, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav5014, 2019. 
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Short summary
Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is a leading mode of Southern Hemisphere climate variability, but global models often overestimate its persistence in summer. Bias in SAM persistence is reduced and jet latitude improved using high-resolution sea surface temperature (SST)-prescribed models, pointing to the central role of SSTs. Control experiments explore the influence of model resolution and mesoscale ocean features on SAM persistence, highlighting the complex and subtle nature of air-sea coupling.
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