Articles | Volume 3, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-1021-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-1021-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
05 Sep 2022
Research article |
| 05 Sep 2022
| 05 Sep 2022
Supercell convective environments in Spain based on ERA5: hail and non-hail differences
Carlos Calvo-Sancho
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Computer Engineering,
University of Valladolid, Segovia, Spain
Javier Díaz-Fernández
Department of Earth Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Physics,
Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Yago Martín
Department of Geography, Faculty of History and Philosophy, University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
Pedro Bolgiani
Department of Earth Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Physics,
Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Mariano Sastre
Department of Earth Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Physics,
Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Juan Jesús González-Alemán
State Meteorological Agency (AEMET), Madrid, Spain
Daniel Santos-Muñoz
Department of Research and Development, Danmarks Meteorologiske Institut, Copenhaguen, Denmark
José Ignacio Farrán
Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Computer Engineering,
University of Valladolid, Segovia, Spain
María Luisa Martín
Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Computer Engineering,
University of Valladolid, Segovia, Spain
Institute of Interdisciplinary Mathematics (IMI), Complutense
University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Christian Ferrarin, Florian Pantillon, Silvio Davolio, Marco Bajo, Mario Marcello Miglietta, Elenio Avolio, Diego S. Carrió, Ioannis Pytharoulis, Claudio Sanchez, Platon Patlakas, Juan Jesús González-Alemán, and Emmanouil Flaounas
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Dalton K. Sasaki, Carolina B. Gramcianinov, Belmiro Castro, and Marcelo Dottori
Weather Clim. Dynam., 2, 1149–1166, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-1149-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-1149-2021, 2021
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Extratropical cyclones are relevant in the western South Atlantic and influence the climate of ocean surface wave. Propagating atmospheric features from the South Pacific to the South Atlantic are relevant to the cyclones and waves, and its intensified westerlies lead to more cyclones and, as a consequence, to higher wave heights. The opposite happens with its weakening. These features are similar to the so-called Pacific South American patterns and present periods between 30 and 180 d.
Laurent Terray
Weather Clim. Dynam., 2, 971–989, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-971-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-971-2021, 2021
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Attribution of the causes of extreme temperature events has become active research due to the wide-ranging impacts of recent heat waves and cold spells. Here we show that a purely observational approach based on atmospheric circulation analogues and resampling provides a robust quantification of the various dynamic and thermodynamic contributions to specific extreme temperature events. The approach can easily be integrated in the toolbox of any real-time extreme event attribution system.
Claudia Christine Stephan and Alexis Mariaccia
Weather Clim. Dynam., 2, 359–372, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-359-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-359-2021, 2021
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Vertical motion on horizontal scales of a few hundred kilometers can influence cloud properties. This motion is difficult to measure directly but can be inferred from the area-averaged mass divergence. The latter can be derived from horizontal wind measurements at the area’s perimeter. This study derives vertical properties of area-averaged divergence from an extensive network of atmospheric soundings and proposes an explanation for the variation of divergence magnitudes with area size.
José J. Hernández Ayala and Rafael Méndez-Tejeda
Weather Clim. Dynam., 1, 745–757, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-1-745-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-1-745-2020, 2020
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This study focused on exploring if off-season tropical cyclones, those that develop outside of the peak months, have been increasing over time in the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean basins and if that higher frequency could be explained by climate variability or change. We found that off-season tropical cyclones are exhibiting an increase in total numbers by decade in the North Atlantic and East Pacific ocean basins and that climate change explained much of the increasing trends over time.
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Short summary
Supercells are among the most complex and dangerous severe convective storms due to their associated phenomena (lightning, strong winds, large hail, flash floods, or tornadoes). In this survey we study the supercell synoptic configurations and convective environments in Spain using the atmospheric reanalysis ERA5. Supercells are grouped into hail (greater than 5 cm) and non-hail events in order to compare and analyze the two events. The results reveal statistically significant differences.
Supercells are among the most complex and dangerous severe convective storms due to their...
