Articles | Volume 4, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-489-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-489-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
25 May 2023
Research article |
| 25 May 2023
| 25 May 2023
Thunderstorm environments in Europe
Deborah Morgenstern
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences (ACINN),
University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
Department of Statistics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck,
Austria
Isabell Stucke
Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences (ACINN),
University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
Department of Statistics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck,
Austria
Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences (ACINN),
University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
Achim Zeileis
Department of Statistics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck,
Austria
Thorsten Simon
Department of Statistics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck,
Austria
Department of Mathematics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck,
Austria
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Short summary
Two thunderstorm environments are described for Europe: mass-field thunderstorms, which occur mostly in summer, over land, and under similar meteorological conditions, and wind-field thunderstorms, which occur mostly in winter, over the sea, and under more diverse meteorological conditions. Our descriptions are independent of static thresholds and help to understand why thunderstorms in unfavorable seasons for lightning pose a particular risk to tall infrastructure such as wind turbines.
Two thunderstorm environments are described for Europe: mass-field thunderstorms, which occur...
