Articles | Volume 3, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-1063-2022
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-1063-2022
Research article
 | 
14 Sep 2022
Research article |  | 14 Sep 2022

Predictability of a tornado environment index from El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Arctic Oscillation

Michael K. Tippett, Chiara Lepore, and Michelle L. L’Heureux

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Cited articles

Allen, J. T., Tippett, M. K., and Sobel, A. H.: Influence of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation on tornado and hail frequency in the United States, Nat. Geosci., 8, 278–283, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2385, 2015. a, b
Barnston, A. G. and Tippett, M. K.: Predictions of Nino3.4 SST in CFSv1 and CFSv2: A Diagnostic Comparison, Clim. Dynam., 41, 1–19, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1845-2, 2013. a
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Childs, S. J., Schumacher, R. S., and Allen, J. T.: Cold-Season Tornadoes: Climatological and Meteorological Insights, Weather Forecast., 33, 671–691, https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-17-0120.1, 2018. a
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The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Arctic Oscillation (AO) are phenomena that affect the weather and climate of North America. Although ENSO hails from from the tropical Pacific and the AO high above the North Pole, the spatial patterns of their influence on a North American tornado environment index are remarkably similar in computer models. We find that when ENSO and the AO act in concert, their impact is large, and when they oppose each other, their impact is small.
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